Subject : BETA-Blockers in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Comparative Analysis survey of Their Efficacy WIth CAD and HypertenSion managEment (BETA WISE)
The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, is escalating, primarily due to a rapid health transition in developing countries. CVDs are the leading causes of death worldwide. Hypertension (HTN) affects over 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years, with 46% unaware of their condition, causing about 12.8% of all deaths annually (7.5 million). It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like CAD, stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, imposing significant economic burdens. Common risk factors include high salt intake, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and genetics. The prevalence is highest in Africa (46% of adults) and lowest in the Americas (35%), influenced by socioeconomic factors, healthcare access, and lifestyle. An increasing trend in hypertension prevalence is still observed in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). By 2019, it was estimated that more than 1 billion people were living with hypertension in LMICs, which accounts for 82% of the global population with hypertension. Like most LMICs, India has experienced a drastic epidemiological transition over the past two decades, with a major shift in the disease burden from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that around 63% of disease mortality in India is caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 27% of all deaths. Hypertension is the predominant risk factor for CVD, being the leading cause of 57% of stroke deaths and 24% of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in the country.
According to previous 2018 European and current international guidelines, hypertension is defined based on repeated office systolic blood pressure values of 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg. However, there is a continuous relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular or renal morbid or fatal events starting from an office systolic blood pressure >115 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure >75 mmHg. Many hypertensive individuals remain undiagnosed and untreated, leading to severe complications. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting over 197 million people as of 2019, and accounting for 16% of global deaths (~9 million annually). In India, coronary artery disease (CAD) causes 25-30% of deaths, with a prevalence of 7-13% in urban areas and 2- 7% in rural areas. The burden is increasing due to urbanization, lifestyle changes, and rising risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. CAD leads to significant economic costs and severe complications like heart attacks, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle, with genetic predisposition and age increasing the prevalence. Mortality rates have declined in high-income countries due to better healthcare, while low- and middle-income countries see a rising prevalence due to lifestyle changes and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. CAD and HTN are prevalent conditions that contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Beta-blockers are commonly used to manage these conditions, but their effectiveness can vary. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies, and understanding how beta-blockers differently impact CAD and HTN is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Thus, this retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter survey study is aimed to understand the perceptions in hypertension and CAD management and the use of beta-blockers in terms of efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes in these conditions.
We invite you to participate in this survey. On acceptance, you will need to fill the survey questionnaire form provided.
|
}}){kind=logo}
}})