Subject : A survey to understand cardiometabolic co-morbidities associated with depression and its management
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disease that is characterized by at least one discrete depressive episode lasting at least 2 weeks and involving clear-cut changes in mood, interests and pleasure, changes in cognition and vegetative symptoms. Depression is a common mental health disorder that can affect both the mental and physical health. The number of incident cases of depression worldwide increased from 172 million in 1990 to 258 million in 2017, representing an increase of 49.86%. In 2017, 197•3 million people had mental disorders in India, including 45•7 million with depressive disorders and 44•9 million with anxiety disorders.
Large-scale longitudinal studies converge in their findings suggesting that MDD increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, cancer, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Neurocognitive impairment is a relevant factor in the quality of life of patients, as it is negatively associated with psychosocial functioning in MDD.
Prevalence and Impact of Comorbid Depression and Cardiometabolic Diseases
• Prevalence: A study involving 40,080 individuals found that 14.4% had one or more CMDs, and among these, 3.4% developed depression over a median follow-up of 15.9 years.
• Increased Risk: Each additional comorbid CMD was associated with a 43% increase in depression risk, highlighting a dose-dependent relationship between CMDs and depression.
• Adverse Outcomes: Research indicates that individuals with depression are up to 65% more likely to develop a cardiometabolic disease compared to those without depression, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between these conditions
Treatment options for management of depression can be broadly be divided into antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosocial interventions. In general, because of the side effect and safety profile, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered to be the first line antidepressants. Other preferred options include tricyclic antidepressants, mirtazapine, bupropion, and venlafaxine. Usually, the medication must be started in the lower doses and the doses must be titrated, depending on the response and the side effects experienced.
This survey has been undertaken to understand cardiometabolic co-morbidities associated with depression and its management.
As you will be spending some extra time to give your feedback on the questionnaire based on your clinical experience, we offer to pay you by cheque a professional fee of Rs {{$contractAmount}}, on receiving the completed Survey Questionnaire Form from you.
We trust you and we are partners in promoting safe and effective drug therapy. In that spirit we hope you will consent to participate in this study. If you do, please sign and return the enclosed reply along with your visiting card for accuracy of records.
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