Subject: Evaluation of prevalence and current management practices of hypertension in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEGACY-III)
Diabetes is endemic in India, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF 2021) has estimated that India currently has around 74 million people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the numbers are poised to increase to 125 million in the next 20 years.
Cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in T2DM. It has been reported that 60–80% of patients with diabetes die of cardiovascular events.
Another illness that significantly affects India’s healthcare systems and cardiovascular health status is hypertension. More than half of all stroke fatalities and roughly a quarter of all deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) in India are directly attributable to hypertension. Indian research estimated that 25% of rural and 33% of urban Indians had hypertension, with 42% of city dwellers and 25% of rural residents affected. According to the National Health Portal of India, approximately 25–30% of urban and 15–20% of rural individuals in India have dyslipidemia. Although it affects both sexes, men are more likely to experience it. Data presented at 70th Annual Conference of the Cardiological Society of India (CSI), 2018 revealed that Indians possess more risk of developing hypertension in early years of life than western cohorts and incidence of first heart attack and strokes a decade earlier on average cannot be ignored. Ramakrishnan et al reported observations from an Indian blood pressure survey conducted across 24 states and union territories, demonstrating a severity of this crisis with prevalence of 55.3% in the adults of age group 20–44 years. Therefore, the evolving and rapidly growing epidemic of hypertension in young Indians should be considered equally important in increasing the burden of noncommunicable diseases and early diagnosis will aid in appropriate treatment and prevention of premature deaths.
RSSDI Guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus The excess mortality risk in T2DM is due to high prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension (HTN), lipid abnormalities, smoking and obesity that are in addition to factors specific to T2DM like hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, and oxidation-related and glycation-related vascular injury.
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Currently, there is limited evidence on prevalence of hypertension and status of its control in Indian patients with T2DM. Thus in lieu of the above, the present study is planned to evaluate the prevalence and current management practices of hypertension in T2DM patients in India
We invite you to participate in this study. On acceptance, you will need to capture the relevant data as mentioned in the standard Data Collection Form (DCF) provided, from the patient’s medical records (case papers and investigational reports – hereafter referred as source documents).
We would recommend you to capture data fulfilling the criteria as outlined in the protocol and whose relevant laboratory investigations are available for the preceding 3 months.
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