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a. Low HDL-cholesterol
b. Increased triglyceride levels
c. Increased small dense LDL-cholesterol
d. All of the above
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Neutral
d. Disagree
a. Yes
b. No
a. Data is required
b. Data is not required
e. Strongly disagree
a. Decreased insulin
b. Increased glucagon
c. Increased HGO
d. Increased GLP 1
a. Decreased glucose uptake by peripheral tissue
b. Increased glucose reabsorption
c. Decrease incretin effect
d. Decrease lipolysis
a. GLP 1
b. GIP
c. Both
d. None
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
a. Sitagliptin
b. Vildagliptin
c. Saxagliptin
d. Teneligliptin
a. Increased glucose reabsorption
b. Decreased glucose reabsorption
c. Insulin resistance
d. Increased lipolysis
a. Fibric Acid Derivative
b. Bile-acid Sequestrant
c. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
d. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
a. Ezetimibe
b. Gemfibrozil
c. Cholestyramine
d. Colesevelam
a. Statins increase the activity of LDL receptors in the liver by increasing the bioavailability of fibric-acid.
b. Statins inhibit bile acid in the GI tract from being absorbed and as a result the liver turns cholesterol into bile acid.
c. Statins increase hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A enzyme and this increases renal excretion of cholesterol.
d. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which in turn hinders cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
a. HDL 80 mg/dL
b. LDL 72 mg/dL
c. HDL 30 mg/dL
d. LDL 190 mg/dL
a. HDL levels should be less than 60 mg/dL to maintain good cardiac health.”
b. LDL is a fatty substance that sticks to vessels walls and can lead to atherosclerosis.”
c. HDL is a fatty substance that helps remove low-density lipoprotein from the blood so it doesn’t have the chance to stick to vessel walls.”
d. LDL levels should be greater than 100 mg/dL to maintain good cardiac health.”
a. Increased High-density Lipoprotein level
b. Decreased Creatine Kinase level
c. Decreased Low-density Lipoprotein level
d. Increased Creatine Kinase level
a. Bananas
b. Spinach
c. Grapefruit
d. Aged-cheese
a. Elevated ALT and AST level
b. Elevated BUN and creatinine
c. Decreased WBC
d. Decreased Hb
a. True
b. False
a. Ketoconazole group of antifungal drugs
b. Macrolides
c. Cyclosporine
d. Verapamil
a. Atorvastatin
b. Lovastatin
c. Simvastatin
d. Rosuvastatin
a. Lovastatin
b. Rosuvastatin
d. Fluvastatin
a. Rosuvastatin inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
b. Rosuvastatin increase high-affinity LDL receptors.
d. Neither
a. Pitavastatin
b. Atorvastatin
c. Lovastatin
d. Simvastatin
a. Combination of gemfibrozil with a statin may be particularly helpful for treatment of combined hypertriglyceridemia with high LDL-C levels.
b. Combination of a fibrate such as gemfibrozil and a statin reduce risk of myopathy even at high statin dose levels.
a. Triple therapy using niacin, statins and resins may decrease LDL-C up to 70%.
b. Combination of Rosuvastatin (fixed dose) and ezetimibe has been demonstrated to reduce LDL-C levels 60-75%.
a. Hepatotoxicity
b. Excessively low LDL levels
c. Myopathy
d. Renal dysfunction
a. A primary mechanism of action of statins in management of cardiovascular disease is promoting regression of cardiac vessel narrowing.
b. Effective use of drugs that lower LDL essentially eliminates residual risk, especially in patients treated with the high-efficacy statins.
a. Choose the correct statement(s) regarding coronary heart disease in the type II diabetic patient.
b. Glucose control provides substantial benefit with respect to coronary heart disease prevention in type II diabetics.
a. Smoking
b. Hypertension
c. Type II diabetes
d. Elevated HDL-C
a. Alcohol use
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Diabetes mellitus
a. Higher cholesterol levels are associated with higher coronary heart disease risk
b. Patients with very high cholesterol levels (>300 mg/dL) account for about 40% of cardiovascular heart disease events.
c. Patients with diabetes exhibit higher coronary heart disease morbidity compared to non-diabetics.
a. Improving endothelial function
b. Reducing inflammation
c. Reducing oxidative stress
a. Rosuvastatin
d. Pravastatin
a. Increased abdominal obesity
b. Faster progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes Decreased adiponectin and increased inflammatory markers
c. Faster onset of beta cell dysfunction
d. Possible increase of DPP4 activity
e. Increased susceptibility for cardio-renal complications
c. Can't say
a. Greater CKD risk
b. Greater Heart Failure risk
a. Fully
b. Partially
c. Somewhat
d. Not at All