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Spontaneous preterm birth (delivery before 37 completed weeks) is the single most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The rate is increasing world-wide with a great disparity between low, middle and high income countries. It has been estimated that the cost of neonatal care for preterm babies is more than 4 times that of a term neonate admitted into the neonatal care. Furthermore, there are high costs associated with long-term morbidity in those who survive the neonatal period. Interventions to stop delivery once preterm labor starts are largely ineffective hence the best approach to reducing the rate and consequences is prevention. This is either primary (reducing or minimizing factors associated with preterm birth prior to and during pregnancy) or secondary - identification and amelioration (if possible) of factors in pregnancy that are associated with preterm labor. The role of genetics, infections and probiotics and how these emerging dimensions help in the diagnosis of preterm birth and consequently prevention are exciting and hopefully may identify sub-populations for targeted strategies.
Please read the full text of the article here - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14767058.2023.2183756
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Cervical length measurement is the preferred method of screening for twin pregnancies
Cervical length screening for twin pregnancies is not indicated
Following continued development, assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures now have enormous potential as a tool for treating infertility. Success rates in ART are dependent on both medical management and patient characteristics. Personalized management strategies have been proposed to optimize efficacy and safety outcomes. Furthermore, a personalized approach, encompassing shared decision-making between patients and clinicians, could help to alleviate the psychological burden associated with treatment. Such strategies may have the added benefit of reducing discontinuation rates.
Please read the full text of the article here - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.675670/full