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Diabetologist
Endocrinologist
Consulting Physician
Practising Diabetologist
Cardiologist
Nephrologist
≤10%
20-30%
50%
>50%
10-20%
30%
50 to 50
70 to 50
50 to 70
Can’t say
30 to 40 years
40 to 50 years
50 to 60 years
< 60 years
Guideline Approach (Sequential addition of anti-diabetes agents with “more established use”)
Pathophysiological approach (Using initial combination therapy with agents known to correct defects in T2DM)
Individualized approach - ABCD(E) approach (A=age, B=Body weight, C= Complications, D=Duration of diabetes, E=Life expectancy and expense)
Effective treatment will require multiple drugs in combination
Treatment should be based upon established pathogenic defects and not only on HbA1c levels.
Aggressive treatment approach should be adopted early to prevent disease progression.
≤ 6.0%
6.5% to 7.0%
7.0% to 7.5%
≥ 7.5%
Higher beta cell dysfunction
Impaired GLP-1/GIP secretion
Higher DPP - 4 activity
Decreased adiponectin and Increased inflammatory markers.
Faster disease progression i.e. from pre-diabetes to diabetes
Higher abdominal obesity
Increased risk for cardio-renal complications
Persistent hyperglycemia (HbA1C >7.5%)
10 – 25%
25 – 50%
≥ 50%
≥ 75%
100%
11 – 25%
DPP- 4 inhibitors
SGLT2-i
GLP-1 Receptor agonist
Other
Sulphonylurea
Pioglitazone
Sitagliptin
Linagliptin
Vildagliptin
Teneligliptin
Newly diagnosed.
Uncontrolled/ Intolerant to Metformin
Patients on Insulin
As an add-on to other therapies
As a monotherapy
In combination with Metformin
In combination with Insulin
In combination with SGLT2-is
As a first line drug
As a first line in combination with Metformin
As a second line drug
As a third line drug
As an add-on in case of uncontrolled glycemia
Improves the Beta-cell function and Insulin secretion
Improves endothelial dysfunction
Prevents micro-vascular complications
Helps in reducing the progression of macro-vascular complexities
Effectively reduces HbA1c
Is weight neutral
Reduced risk of Hypoglycemia
Higher tolerability; reduced side effects
Improved treatment adherence and patient compliance
HbA1c level
Age of the patient
Duration of diabetes
Co-morbidities
Treatment adherence
Yes
No
Sometimes
Depends on the patient condition
SGLTs Inhibitors
Decreased risk of Hypoglycemia
Decreased BMI
Decreased Insulin Resistance
Improved glycemic control
Better HbA1c reduction
Renal Impairment
Hepatic Impairment
Cardiovascular disease
Elderly patients
Good
Comparable to other therapies
Higher side effects