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Male Female
a. < 5 years b. 5-10 years c. 11-20 years d. >20 years
a. Multi-specialty hospital b. Clinic/ nursing home c. Government hospital/ medical college d. Mixed
a. General practitioner b. Consulting physician c. Diabetologist d. Endocrinologist
a. Increased abdominal obesity
b. Faster progression from pre diabetes to diabetes
c. Decreased adiponectin and increased inflammatory markers
d. Faster onset of beta cell dysfunction
e. Possible increase of DPP4 activity
f. Increased susceptibility for cardio-renal complications
a. < 5%
b. 5-10%
c. 10-20%
d. 20%
a. Inadequate glycemic control
b. Patients with comorbidities requiring tight glycemic control
c. Patients with history of hypoglycemia events
d. Monitoring response to antidiabetic treatment
a. Glycemic variability
b. Time in range
c. Time above range
d. Mean glucose
a. Once every 3 months
b. Once every 6 months
c. Once every 12 months
d. Decide frequency on the basis clinical judgement
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Neutral
d. Disagree
e. Strongly disagree
a. <5%
b. 10-20%
c. 20-30%
d. >30%
a. ECG
b. 2D ECHO
c. Lipid profile
d. Do not assess unless symptomatic
a. Urine examination for microalbuminuria
b. eGFR assessment
c. USG
d. a. and b.
a. Risk for both conditions is similar
b. CKD risk greater
c. Heart Failure risk greater
d. Marginal increase in both.
a. Tight glycemic control is sufficient
b. Selection of specific agents for Cardio-renal protection is required
c. Tight glycemic control is required earlier followed by use of agents with cardiorenal protection
a. Equally efficacious
b. SGLT2 inhibitors are more efficacious
c. DPP4i inhibitors are more efficacious
d. Can’t say
a. DPP4i
b. SGLT2i
c. Both added simultaneously
d. None of these
a. DPP4 inhibitors
b. SGLT2 inhibitors
c. SUs will not be replaced
d. Depends on patient profile
a. DPP4 Inhibitors
b. SGLT2 Inhibitors
c. Sulphonylureas
d. GLP-1 analogues
a. Targeting multiple pathophysiological processes
b. Ensuring durable glycemic control with preservation of beta-cells
c. Potential benefit of cardio-renal protection
d. Synergistic action with enhanced glycemic control
a. <10%
b. 10-25%
c. 25-50%
d. 50-75%
a. HbA1c > 9% at diagnosis
b. Diabetic patient with poor glycemic control on metformin requiring HbA1c reduction > 1.5% to achieve goal
c. Poor glycemic control on dual therapy of metformin and SGLT2i
d. Poor glycemic control on dual therapy of metformin and SU
e. High BMI and elevated HbA1c
f. Heart failure and elevated HbA1c
g. Diabetic patient with chronic kidney disease and elevated HbA1c
b. Diabetic patient with poor glycemic control on metformin
c. Poor glycemic control on dual therapy of Metformin and DPP4i
e. Poor glycemic control with long standing diabetes
a. Eplerenone
b. Finerenone
c. Spironolactone
a. Early stages – G1 and G2
b. Later stages – G3 and G4
c. Across stages – G1 to G5
d. Do not consider using finerenone