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Diabetologist
Endocrinologist
Consulting Physician
Practising Diabetologist
Cardiologist
Nephrologist
Multi-specialty hospital
Clinic/ nursing home
Government hospital/ medical college
Mixed
<=10%
10 - 30%
30% - 50%
>50%
10% - 30%
30% - 40%
~ 50%
Yes, but in absence of any co-morbidity
Yes, with diet and lifestyle modification
No
No, a combination therapy is preferred
Obesity
Cardiovascular complexities
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Renal Impairment
Any other
Age
Gender
Obesity (Weight & BMI)
Duration of Diabetes
Diet and Lifestyle
Smoking/ alcohol use
Stress
Family History
HbA1c > 7.5%
Presence of critical co-morbidities
Uncontrolled on Metformin alone
Yes
Between 30 – 40 years
Between 40 – 50 years
Above 50 years
Can’t say
Persistent hyperglycemia (HbA1C >7.5%)
Higher abdominal obesity
Increased risk for cardio-renal complications
Inability to maintain diet and lifestyle modification
Sulphonylurea
SGLT2-i
Glitazone
α glucosidase inhibitors
Insulin
High PPG levels
High HbA1c levels
Younger and lean
History of UTIs
10%
~ 10%
20 – 30%
More than 30%
~ 6 months
6 – 12 months
Varies from patient to patient
Renal impairment
Cardiovascular conditions
Hepatic impairment
HbA1c levels
Age of the patient
Duration of diabetes
Co-morbidities
Number of years of diabetes
Underlying co-morbidities
Associated complications
Desired glycemic target
Tolerability and safety
Maybe
A combinatorial approach to address multiple pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycemia to achieve robust glycemic control.
An additional treatment that provides both glycemic and non-glycemic benefits, as the control of diabetes comorbidities is needed in most of the patients.
Reducing the occurrence of hypoglycaemia or weight gain, as recurrent distressing side effects of traditional antidiabetic agents reduces the morale of not only the patient but also the treating physician.
An oral treatment option that not only meets all of the pressing needs but additionally improves the compliance of the patients in need.
Inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4)
Prevents breakdown of GLP-1 and GIP
Increases the secretion of insulin
Suppresses the release of glucagon
All of the above
Inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) function in the kidney
Enhances the urinary glucose excretion
Improves the beta-cell sensitivity
Increases glucagon secretion
In some patients
Metformin + Glimepiride
Metformin + Sitagliptin
Metformin + Sitagliptin + Basal Insulin
Metformin + Insulin
Sitagliptin + Dapagliflozin
Reduced CV complexities
Reduced Renal complexities
Both
None in specific
Rarely
Weight neutrality/ Weight loss
Improved renal profile
Improved HbA1c
Reduced risk of hospitalization
Improved patient compliance
6 months
6 to 12 months
12 – 24 months
Based on the response
Good
Comparable to other therapies
Higher side effects
Sitagliptin, Metformin and Glimepiride
Sitagliptin, Metformin and Dapagliflozin
Metformin and Sitagliptin
Depends on the patient profile
Faster glycemic control
Slows the progression of underlying co-morbidities (CV, renal, etc.)
Reduced progression of micro-vascular complications
Better patient response and compliance
Do not completely agree
Sometimes
Better treatment outcomes
Lower risk of hypoglycemia
Lesser need for titration
Increased affordability
Can be improved