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Male Female
Multi-specialty hospital
Clinic/ nursing home
Government hospital/ medical college
Mixed
Beta cell dysfunction – impaired insulin secretion
Alpha cell dysfunction – impaired glucagon secretion
Increased hepatic glucose output
Impaired incretin effect
Insulin resistance
Decreased glucose uptake by skeletal muscles
Increased glucose reabsorption from kidneys
Neurotransmitter defects
≤7.5%
≤7%
< 8%
Any other
≤8%
Yes
No
Can’t say
To some extent (drop down for percentage) Select Percentage 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Advantage of cardiovascular outcomes
Renal outcome benefits
Superior HbA1c control
Overall safety
Hassle free usage
None of the above
Only tight glycemic control is the most important key
tight glycemic control with selection of agents specific for cardio-renal protection is the key
DPP4i
SGLT2i
Sulphonylurea (SU)
> 7.5 %
> 8 %
>8.5 %
>9 %
DPP4 Inhibitors
SGLT2 Inhibitors
GLP 1 RAs
SUs (Glimepiride or Glipizide)
DPP4 inhibitors
Targeting multiple pathophysiological actions
Ensuring durable glycemic control with preservation of beta-cell mass
Additional cardio-renal protection
Improving patient adherence and compliance
<25%
25-50%
50-75%
>75%
<10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-50%
Early stages – I and II
Later stages – III and IV
Across stages – I to IV
Across stages – I to IV along with albuminuria
I will add Dapagliflozin and Finerenone sequentially
<5%
5-10%
10-15%
15-25%
25-45%
None
10-25%
>50%
30-40%
Yes, increase by 10%
Yes, increase by 20%
Yes, increase by 30%
No, it will not increase
Sometimes
Patients’ reluctance for injection
GI side effects like nausea & vomiting
Underlying risk of pancreatitis
Inj Liraglutide
Inj Dulaglutide
Inj Semaglutide
Oral semaglutide