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Male Female
Less than 5% of patients
6-15% of patients
16-30% of patients
More than 30% of patients
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Hypothalamic dysfunction
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)
Stress or lifestyle factors
Other
Adolescents (under 18 years)
Young adults (18-30 years)
Middle-aged women (31-45 years)
All age groups equally
Patient history and physical exam
Hormonal blood tests (FSH, LH, estradiol, prolactin)
Ultrasound or other imaging
Hysteroscopy
Natural progesterone
Synthetic progestins
Estrogen-based therapies
Ovulation induction (clomiphene citrate, letrozole)
Lifestyle modifications
Any other
Oral capsules
Oral tablet sustained release (NMP SR)
Yes
No
0-5%
5-10%
10-15%
10-25%
>25%
Always, as part of standard practice
Only if patient is symptomatic
Occasionally, in selected cases
I don’t prefer Natural progesterone
Yes, it significantly regulates inflammatory markers
Yes, but the effect is mild
No, I don’t think it affects inflammatory markers
I’m not sure
Yes, a strong association
Yes, a moderate association
No significant association
Other causes have more association like
TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha)
IL-6 (Interleukin 6)
IL-1β (Interleukin 1 beta)
IL-6 (Interleukin-6)
IL-10 (Interleukin-10)
CRP (C-reactive protein)
Progesterone
Dydrogesterone
17-OHPC
Combination treatment
Endometrial growth
Modulating maternal immune tolerance to prevent rejection of embryo.
Shifting balance from unfavorable Th1 cytokines to favorable Th2 cytokines.
Producing Progesterone inducing blocking factor (PIBF) which inhibits NK cell activity.
Enhancing uterine quiescence.
All of the above
Favorable
Unfavorable
Unsure
Very Confident
Somewhat confident
Not confident
Very important
Moderately important
Slightly important
Not important
Yes, the research is sufficient
No, more research is needed
I am unsure
Well-established
Somewhat established
Poorly established
No established at all
Maybe
High awareness
Moderate awareness
Low awareness
No awareness
Enhanced bioavailability
Fewer side effects
Longer duration of action
Yes, frequently
Occasionally
Rarely
Stronger preference for natural progesterone
Equal preference
Stronger preference for synthetic progestins
Uncertain
Safety profile
Scientific evidence
Patient preference
Cost
Affordable
Moderately expensive
Expensive
Side effects
Cost concerns
Lack of perceived benefits
Estrogen therapy
Metformin
Ovulation inducers
Yes, always
Sometimes