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Male Female
Multi-specialty hospital
Clinic/ nursing home
Government hospital/ medical college
Mixed
1-10 per week
11-20 per week
21-30 per week
>30 per week
<20 %
20% - 50%
50% - 80%
>80%
<140 mmHg
<130 mmHg
<120 mmHg
<100 mmHg
<90 mmHg
<80 mmHg
<70 mmHg
<150 mmHg
Every month
Every 3 months
Every 6 months
Annually
Mercury sphygmomanometer
Aneroid sphygmomanometer
Digital Blood Pressure Monitor
Single reading
2 readings
3 readings
4 readings
In all patients with risk factors for hypertension
In hypertensive patients
For patients in whom white coat hypertension or masked hypertension is suspected
In patients having history of hypertensive emergencies
In most hypertensive patients
In cases with resistant hypertension
In patients with target organ damage
In none of the patients
Any other
Family history
Smoking
Lack of physical activity
Obesity
Stress
In all hypertensive patients annually
Patients with hypertensive emergencies
In hypertensive patients who present with chest pain
In hypertensive patients with family history of MI/CVD at the time of diagnosis
<10%
10-20%
20-30%
> 30%
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Primary aldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Thiazides
Beta Blockers
Telmisartan
Olmesartan
Candesartan
Irbesartan
Valsartan
Azilsartan
In patients with comorbidities where achieving target blood pressure with monotherapy seems unlikely
In patients with grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension
In patients who present with hypertensive emergency
None (I initiate all patients with monotherapy)
10-<20%
>30%
Adding spironolactone
Alpha-1 blockers
Centrally acting agents
Renal denervation
Intravenous Nicardipine
Intravenous Esmolol
Intravenous Labetalol
Intravenous Na Nitroprusside
Oral agent
Cost of therapy
Adverse events
Lack of awareness among patients
High pill burden due to multiple concurrent medications
ACE inhibitors