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Male Female
< 5 years
5-10 years
11-20 years
>20 years
Multi-specialty hospital
Clinic/ nursing home
Government hospital/ medical college
Mixed
Tier 1 city
Tier 2 city
Tier 3 city
Rural area
Autoimmune cause
Stress
Environmental factors
Food
Heat
Pressure
Medications
Cold
Unknown
Any Other
Up to 10%
10-30%
30-50%
>50%
Clinical examination
IgE levels
Blood tests
Serum skin tests
< 15 years
15-30 years
30-50 years
50 years and above
10-20 years
<10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-40%
40-50%
Pruritus
Facial swelling
Wheals
Disturbed sleep
Anxiety
Male
Female
< 5 %
5-10 %
>20%
Diabetes
Thalassemia
Vitiligo
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-TPO antibodies
CRP
ASST
IgE
CBC
Up to 2 weeks
2-4 weeks
4-6 weeks
>6weeks
up to 50%
50-60%
60-70%
70-80%
>80%
Double dose of anti-histamines
4 times the dose of anti-histamines
Add one more second generation non-sedative antihistamine
Anti-histamines plus cyclosporine
Anti-histamines plus omalizumab
Omalizumab plus cyclosporine
up to 20%
UAS
UAS7
UCT
Urticaria meter
Montelukast
Ranitidine
Dapsone
Methotrexate
Omalizumab
Cyclosporine
Yes
No
10-25%
25-50%
> 50%